C - tech
1 What is virtual constructors/destructors? Virtual destructors: If an object (with a non-virtual destructor) is destroyed explicitly by applying the delete operator to a base-class pointer to the object, the base-class destructor function (matching the pointer type) is called on the object. There is a simple solution to this problem – declare a virtual base-class destructor. This makes all derived-class destructors virtual even though they don't have the same name as the base-class destructor. Now, if the object in the hierarchy is destroyed explicitly by applying the delete operator to a base-class pointer to a derived-class object, the destructor for the appropriate class is called.
Virtual constructor: Constructors cannot be virtual. Declaring a constructor as a virtual function is a syntax error.
Does c++ support multilevel and multiple inheritance? Yes.
What are the advantages of inheritance? • It permits code reusability. • Reusability saves time in program development. • It encourages the reuse of proven and debugged high-quality software, thus reducing problem after a system becomes functional.
What is the difference between declaration and definition? The declaration tells the compiler that at some later point we plan to present the definition of this declaration. E.g.: void stars () //function declaration
The definition contains the actual implementation. E.g.: void stars () // declarator { for(int j=10; j>=0; j--) //function body cout<<"*"; cout< function_declaration; template function_declaration;the only difference between both prototypes is the use of keyword class or typename, its use is indistinct since both expressions have exactly the same meaning and behave exactly the same way.
6 What do you mean by inline function? The idea behind inline functions is to insert the code of a called function at the point where the function is called. If done carefully, this can improve the application's performance in exchange for increased compile time and possibly (but not always) an increase in the size of the generated binary executables.
7 What is virtual class and friend class? Friend classes are used when two or more classes are designed to work together and need access to each other's implementation in ways that the rest of the world shouldn't be allowed to have. In other words, they help keep private things private. For instance, it may be desirable for class DatabaseCursor to have more privilege to the internals of class Database than main() has.
8 What is function overloading and operator overloading? Function overloading: C++ enables several functions of the same name to be defined, as long as these functions have different sets of parameters (at least as far as their types are concerned). This capability is called function overloading. When an overloaded function is called, the C++ compiler selects the proper function by examining the number, types and order of the arguments in the call. Function overloading is commonly used to create several functions of the same name that perform similar tasks but on different data types. Operator overloading allows existing C++ operators to be redefined so that they work on objects of user-defined classes. Overloaded operators are syntactic sugar for equivalent function calls. They form a pleasant facade that doesn't add anything fundamental to the language (but they can improve understandability and reduce maintenance costs).
9 Difference between realloc() and free()? The free subroutine frees a block of memory previously allocated by the malloc subroutine. Undefined results occur if the Pointer parameter is not a valid pointer. If the Pointer parameter is a null value, no action will occur. The realloc subroutine changes the size of the block of memory pointed to by the Pointer parameter to the number of bytes specified by the Size parameter and returns a new pointer to the block. The pointer specified by the Pointer parameter must have been created with the malloc, calloc, or realloc subroutines and not been deallocated with the free or realloc subroutines. Undefined results occur if the Pointer parameter is not a valid pointer
10 What do you mean by binding of data and functions? Encapsulation.
11 What is abstraction? Abstraction is of the process of hiding unwanted details from the user.
12 What is encapsulation? Packaging an object's variables within its methods is called encapsulation.
13 What is the difference between an object and a class? Classes and objects are separate but related concepts. Every object belongs to a class and every class contains one or more related objects.
Ø A Class is static. All of the attributes of a class are fixed before, during, and after the execution of a program. The attributes of a class don't change. Ø The class to which an object belongs is also (usually) static. If a particular object belongs to a certain class at the time that it is created then it almost certainly will still belong to that class right up until the time that it is destroyed. Ø An Object on the other hand has a limited lifespan. Objects are created and eventually destroyed. Also during that lifetime, the attributes of the object may undergo significant change.
14 What is polymorphism? Explain with an example? "Poly" means "many" and "morph" means "form". Polymorphism is the ability of an object (or reference) to assume (be replaced by) or become many different forms of object. Example: function overloading, function overriding, virtual functions. Another example can be a plus `+' sign, used for adding two integers or for using it to concatenate two strings.
15 What do you mean by inheritance? Inheritance is the process of creating new classes, called derived classes, from existing classes or base classes. The derived class inherits all the capabilities of the base class, but can add embellishments and refinements of its own.
16 What are virtual functions? A virtual function allows derived classes to replace the implementation provided by the base class. The compiler makes sure the replacement is always called whenever the object in question is actually of the derived class, even if the object is accessed by a base pointer rather than a derived pointer. This allows algorithms in the base class to be replaced in the derived class, even if users don't know about the derived class.
17 What is friend function? As the name suggests, the function acts as a friend to a class. As a friend of a class, it can access its private and protected members. A friend function is not a member of the class. But it must be listed in the class definition.
18 What is the difference between class and structure? Structure: Initially (in C) a structure was used to bundle different type of data types together to perform a particular functionality. But C++ extended the structure to contain functions also. The major difference is that all declarations inside a structure are by default public. Class: Class is a successor of Structure. By default all the members inside the class are private.
19 What is public, protected, private? Ø Public, protected and private are three access specifiers in C++. Ø Public data members and member functions are accessible outside the class. Ø Protected data members and member functions are only available to derived classes. Ø Private data members and member functions can't be accessed outside the class. However there is an exception can be using friend classes.
20 What is an object? Object is a software bundle of variables and related methods. Objects have state and behavior.
21 What is a scope resolution operator? A scope resolution operator (::), can be used to define the member functions of a class outside the class.
22 What is a class? Class is a user-defined data type in C++. It can be created to solve a particular kind of problem. After creation the user need not know the specifics of the working of a class. *************************************************
1 Diffence arrays and pointers? Ø Pointers are used to manipulate data using the address. Pointers use * operator to access the data pointed to by themØ Arrays use subscripted variables to access and manipulate data.Array variables can be equivalently written using pointer __expression.
2 What is static memory allocation and dynamic memory allocation? Static memory allocation: The compiler allocates the required memory space for a declared variable.By using the address of operator,the reserved address is obtained and this address may be assigned to a pointer variable.Since most of the declared variable have static memory,this way of assigning pointer value to a pointer variable is known as static memory allocation. memory is assigned during compilation time.Dynamic memory allocation: It uses functions such as malloc( ) or calloc( ) to get memory dynamically.If these functions are used to get memory dynamically and the values returned by these functions are assingned to pointer variables, such assignments are known as dynamic memory allocation.memory is assined during run time.
3 How are pointer variables initialized? Pointer variable are initialized by one of the following two waysØ Static memory allocation Ø Dynamic memory allocation
4 Are pointers integers? No, pointers are not integers.A pointer is an address.It is merely a positive number and not an integer.
5 What is a pointer variable? A pointer variable is a variable that may contain the address of another variable or any valid address in the memory.
6 What is a pointer value and address? A pointer value is a data object that refers to a memory location.Each memory locaion is numbered in the memory.The number attached to a memory location is called the address of the location.
7 what is a method? a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)
8 What are the advantages of the functions? Ø Debugging is easierØ It is easier to understand the logic involved in the programØ Testing is easierØ Recursive call is possibleØ Irrelevant details in the user point of view are hidden in functionsØ Functions are helpful in generalizing the program
9 What is the purpose of main( ) function? The function main( ) invokes other functions within it.It is the first function to be called when the program starts execution.Ø It is the starting functionØ It returns an int value to the environment that called the programØ Recursive call is allowed for main( ) also.Ø It is a user-defined functionØ Program execution ends when the closing brace of the function main( ) is reached.Ø It has two arguments 1)argument count and 2) argument vector (represents strings passed).Ø Any user-defined name can also be used as parameters for main( ) instead of argc and argv
10 What is an argument ? differentiate between formal arguments and actual arguments? An argument is an entity used to pass the data from calling funtion to the called funtion. Formal arguments are the arguments available in the funtion definition.They are preceded by their own data types.Actual arguments are available in the function call.
11 What is a function and built-in function? A large program is subdivided into a number of smaller programs or subprograms. Each subprogram specifies one or more actions to be performed for a large program.such subprograms are functions.
The function supports only static and extern storage classes.By default, function assumes extern storage class.functions have global scope. Only register or auto storage class is allowed in the function parameters.
Built-in functions that predefined and supplied along with the compiler are known as built-in functions.They are also known as library functions.
12 What is modular programming? If a program is large, it is subdivided into a number of smaller programs that are called modules or subprograms. If a complex problem is solved using more modules, this approach is known as modular programming.
13 When does the compiler not implicitly generate the address of the first element of an array? Whenever an array name appears in an __expression such asØ array as an operand of the sizeof operatorØ array as an operand of & operatorØ array as a string literal initializer for a character arrayThen the compiler does not implicitly generate the address of the address of the first element of an array
14 What are the characteristics of arrays in C? 1) An array holds elements that have the same data type 2) Array elements are stored in subsequent memory locations3) Two-dimentional array elements are stored row by row in subsequent memory locations.4) Array name represents the address of the starting element5) Array size should be mentioned in the declaration. Array size must be a constant __expression and not a variable.
15 Differentiate between a linker and linkage? A linker converts an object code into an executable code by linking together the necessary build in functions. The form and place of declaration where the variable is declared in a program determine the linkage of variable.
16 Differentiate between an external variable definition and external variable declaration
S.No External Variable Definition External Variable Declaration 1 It creates variables It refers to the variable already defined 2 It allocates memory It does not allocates memory 3 The keyword extern is not used The keyword extern is used 4 It can be initialized It can not be initialized 5 It appears only once It can be declared in many places 6 It must be outside all the blocks It can appear wherever a declaration is allowed
17 What are the advantages of auto variables? 1)The same auto variable name can be used in different blocks2)There is no side effect by changing the values in the blocks3)The memory is economically used4)Auto variables have inherent protection because of local scope
18 What is storage class and what are storage variable ? A storage class is an attribute that changes the behavior of a variable. It controls the lifetime, scope and linkage.There are five types of storage classes 1)auto 2)static 3)extern 4)register 5)typedef
19 Which __expression always return true? Which always return false? __expression if (a=0) always return false __expression if (a=1) always return true
20 Write the equivalent __expression for x%8? x&7
Write expressions to swap two integers without using a temporary variable?
21 why n++ executes faster than n+1? The __expression n++ requires a single machine instruction such as INR to carry out the increment operation whereas, n+1 requires more instructions to carry out this operation.
22 What is the difference between a string and an array? An array is an array of anything. A string is a specific kind of an array with a well-known convention to determine its length. There are two kinds of programming languages: those in which a string is just an array of characters, and those in which it's a special type. In C, a string is just an array of characters (type char), with one wrinkle: a C string always ends with a NUL character. The "value" of an array is the same as the address of (or a pointer to) the first element; so, frequently, a C string and a pointer to char are used to mean the same thing. An array can be any length. If it's passed to a function, there's no way the function can tell how long the array is supposed to be, unless some convention is used. The convention for strings is NUL termination; the last character is an ASCII NUL (`') character.
23 Is it better to use a pointer to navigate an array of values,or is it better to use a subscripted array name? It's easier for a C compiler to generate good code for pointers than for subscripts.
24 Can the sizeof operator be used to tell the size of an array passed to a function? No. There's no way to tell, at runtime, how many elements are in an array parameter just by looking at the array parameter itself. Remember, passing an array to a function is exactly the same as passing a pointer to the first element.
25 Is using exit() the same as using return? No. The exit() function is used to exit your program and return control to the operating system. The return statement is used to return from a function and return control to the calling function. If you issue a return from the main() function, you are essentially returning control to the calling function, which is the operating system. In this case, the return statement and exit() function are similar.
26 Is it possible to execute code even after the program exits the main() function? The standard C library provides a function named atexit() that can be used to perform "cleanup" operations when your program terminates. You can set up a set of functions you want to perform automatically when your program exits by passing function pointers to the atexit() function.
27 What is a static function? A static function is a function whose scope is limited to the current source file. Scope refers to the visibility of a function or variable. If the function or variable is visible outside of the current source file, it is said to have global, or external, scope. If the function or variable is not visible outside of the current source file, it is said to have local, or static, scope.
28 Why should I prototype a function? A function prototype tells the compiler what kind of arguments a function is looking to receive and what kind of return value a function is going to give back. This approach helps the compiler ensure that calls to a function are made correctly and that no erroneous type conversions are taking place.
29 How do you print an address? The safest way is to use printf() (or fprintf() or sprintf()) with the %P specification. That prints a void pointer (void*). Different compilers might print a pointer with different formats. Your compiler will pick a format that's right for your environment. If you have some other kind of pointer (not a void*) and you want to be very safe, cast the pointer to a void*: printf( "%Pn", (void*) buffer );
30 Can math operations be performed on a void pointer? No. Pointer addition and subtraction are based on advancing the pointer by a number of elements. By definition, if you have a void pointer, you don't know what it's pointing to, so you don't know the size of what it's pointing to. If you want pointer arithmetic to work on raw addresses, use character pointers.
Virtual constructor: Constructors cannot be virtual. Declaring a constructor as a virtual function is a syntax error.
Does c++ support multilevel and multiple inheritance? Yes.
What are the advantages of inheritance? • It permits code reusability. • Reusability saves time in program development. • It encourages the reuse of proven and debugged high-quality software, thus reducing problem after a system becomes functional.
What is the difference between declaration and definition? The declaration tells the compiler that at some later point we plan to present the definition of this declaration. E.g.: void stars () //function declaration
The definition contains the actual implementation. E.g.: void stars () // declarator { for(int j=10; j>=0; j--) //function body cout<<"*"; cout<
6 What do you mean by inline function? The idea behind inline functions is to insert the code of a called function at the point where the function is called. If done carefully, this can improve the application's performance in exchange for increased compile time and possibly (but not always) an increase in the size of the generated binary executables.
7 What is virtual class and friend class? Friend classes are used when two or more classes are designed to work together and need access to each other's implementation in ways that the rest of the world shouldn't be allowed to have. In other words, they help keep private things private. For instance, it may be desirable for class DatabaseCursor to have more privilege to the internals of class Database than main() has.
8 What is function overloading and operator overloading? Function overloading: C++ enables several functions of the same name to be defined, as long as these functions have different sets of parameters (at least as far as their types are concerned). This capability is called function overloading. When an overloaded function is called, the C++ compiler selects the proper function by examining the number, types and order of the arguments in the call. Function overloading is commonly used to create several functions of the same name that perform similar tasks but on different data types. Operator overloading allows existing C++ operators to be redefined so that they work on objects of user-defined classes. Overloaded operators are syntactic sugar for equivalent function calls. They form a pleasant facade that doesn't add anything fundamental to the language (but they can improve understandability and reduce maintenance costs).
9 Difference between realloc() and free()? The free subroutine frees a block of memory previously allocated by the malloc subroutine. Undefined results occur if the Pointer parameter is not a valid pointer. If the Pointer parameter is a null value, no action will occur. The realloc subroutine changes the size of the block of memory pointed to by the Pointer parameter to the number of bytes specified by the Size parameter and returns a new pointer to the block. The pointer specified by the Pointer parameter must have been created with the malloc, calloc, or realloc subroutines and not been deallocated with the free or realloc subroutines. Undefined results occur if the Pointer parameter is not a valid pointer
10 What do you mean by binding of data and functions? Encapsulation.
11 What is abstraction? Abstraction is of the process of hiding unwanted details from the user.
12 What is encapsulation? Packaging an object's variables within its methods is called encapsulation.
13 What is the difference between an object and a class? Classes and objects are separate but related concepts. Every object belongs to a class and every class contains one or more related objects.
Ø A Class is static. All of the attributes of a class are fixed before, during, and after the execution of a program. The attributes of a class don't change. Ø The class to which an object belongs is also (usually) static. If a particular object belongs to a certain class at the time that it is created then it almost certainly will still belong to that class right up until the time that it is destroyed. Ø An Object on the other hand has a limited lifespan. Objects are created and eventually destroyed. Also during that lifetime, the attributes of the object may undergo significant change.
14 What is polymorphism? Explain with an example? "Poly" means "many" and "morph" means "form". Polymorphism is the ability of an object (or reference) to assume (be replaced by) or become many different forms of object. Example: function overloading, function overriding, virtual functions. Another example can be a plus `+' sign, used for adding two integers or for using it to concatenate two strings.
15 What do you mean by inheritance? Inheritance is the process of creating new classes, called derived classes, from existing classes or base classes. The derived class inherits all the capabilities of the base class, but can add embellishments and refinements of its own.
16 What are virtual functions? A virtual function allows derived classes to replace the implementation provided by the base class. The compiler makes sure the replacement is always called whenever the object in question is actually of the derived class, even if the object is accessed by a base pointer rather than a derived pointer. This allows algorithms in the base class to be replaced in the derived class, even if users don't know about the derived class.
17 What is friend function? As the name suggests, the function acts as a friend to a class. As a friend of a class, it can access its private and protected members. A friend function is not a member of the class. But it must be listed in the class definition.
18 What is the difference between class and structure? Structure: Initially (in C) a structure was used to bundle different type of data types together to perform a particular functionality. But C++ extended the structure to contain functions also. The major difference is that all declarations inside a structure are by default public. Class: Class is a successor of Structure. By default all the members inside the class are private.
19 What is public, protected, private? Ø Public, protected and private are three access specifiers in C++. Ø Public data members and member functions are accessible outside the class. Ø Protected data members and member functions are only available to derived classes. Ø Private data members and member functions can't be accessed outside the class. However there is an exception can be using friend classes.
20 What is an object? Object is a software bundle of variables and related methods. Objects have state and behavior.
21 What is a scope resolution operator? A scope resolution operator (::), can be used to define the member functions of a class outside the class.
22 What is a class? Class is a user-defined data type in C++. It can be created to solve a particular kind of problem. After creation the user need not know the specifics of the working of a class. *************************************************
1 Diffence arrays and pointers? Ø Pointers are used to manipulate data using the address. Pointers use * operator to access the data pointed to by themØ Arrays use subscripted variables to access and manipulate data.Array variables can be equivalently written using pointer __expression.
2 What is static memory allocation and dynamic memory allocation? Static memory allocation: The compiler allocates the required memory space for a declared variable.By using the address of operator,the reserved address is obtained and this address may be assigned to a pointer variable.Since most of the declared variable have static memory,this way of assigning pointer value to a pointer variable is known as static memory allocation. memory is assigned during compilation time.Dynamic memory allocation: It uses functions such as malloc( ) or calloc( ) to get memory dynamically.If these functions are used to get memory dynamically and the values returned by these functions are assingned to pointer variables, such assignments are known as dynamic memory allocation.memory is assined during run time.
3 How are pointer variables initialized? Pointer variable are initialized by one of the following two waysØ Static memory allocation Ø Dynamic memory allocation
4 Are pointers integers? No, pointers are not integers.A pointer is an address.It is merely a positive number and not an integer.
5 What is a pointer variable? A pointer variable is a variable that may contain the address of another variable or any valid address in the memory.
6 What is a pointer value and address? A pointer value is a data object that refers to a memory location.Each memory locaion is numbered in the memory.The number attached to a memory location is called the address of the location.
7 what is a method? a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)
8 What are the advantages of the functions? Ø Debugging is easierØ It is easier to understand the logic involved in the programØ Testing is easierØ Recursive call is possibleØ Irrelevant details in the user point of view are hidden in functionsØ Functions are helpful in generalizing the program
9 What is the purpose of main( ) function? The function main( ) invokes other functions within it.It is the first function to be called when the program starts execution.Ø It is the starting functionØ It returns an int value to the environment that called the programØ Recursive call is allowed for main( ) also.Ø It is a user-defined functionØ Program execution ends when the closing brace of the function main( ) is reached.Ø It has two arguments 1)argument count and 2) argument vector (represents strings passed).Ø Any user-defined name can also be used as parameters for main( ) instead of argc and argv
10 What is an argument ? differentiate between formal arguments and actual arguments? An argument is an entity used to pass the data from calling funtion to the called funtion. Formal arguments are the arguments available in the funtion definition.They are preceded by their own data types.Actual arguments are available in the function call.
11 What is a function and built-in function? A large program is subdivided into a number of smaller programs or subprograms. Each subprogram specifies one or more actions to be performed for a large program.such subprograms are functions.
The function supports only static and extern storage classes.By default, function assumes extern storage class.functions have global scope. Only register or auto storage class is allowed in the function parameters.
Built-in functions that predefined and supplied along with the compiler are known as built-in functions.They are also known as library functions.
12 What is modular programming? If a program is large, it is subdivided into a number of smaller programs that are called modules or subprograms. If a complex problem is solved using more modules, this approach is known as modular programming.
13 When does the compiler not implicitly generate the address of the first element of an array? Whenever an array name appears in an __expression such asØ array as an operand of the sizeof operatorØ array as an operand of & operatorØ array as a string literal initializer for a character arrayThen the compiler does not implicitly generate the address of the address of the first element of an array
14 What are the characteristics of arrays in C? 1) An array holds elements that have the same data type 2) Array elements are stored in subsequent memory locations3) Two-dimentional array elements are stored row by row in subsequent memory locations.4) Array name represents the address of the starting element5) Array size should be mentioned in the declaration. Array size must be a constant __expression and not a variable.
15 Differentiate between a linker and linkage? A linker converts an object code into an executable code by linking together the necessary build in functions. The form and place of declaration where the variable is declared in a program determine the linkage of variable.
16 Differentiate between an external variable definition and external variable declaration
S.No External Variable Definition External Variable Declaration 1 It creates variables It refers to the variable already defined 2 It allocates memory It does not allocates memory 3 The keyword extern is not used The keyword extern is used 4 It can be initialized It can not be initialized 5 It appears only once It can be declared in many places 6 It must be outside all the blocks It can appear wherever a declaration is allowed
17 What are the advantages of auto variables? 1)The same auto variable name can be used in different blocks2)There is no side effect by changing the values in the blocks3)The memory is economically used4)Auto variables have inherent protection because of local scope
18 What is storage class and what are storage variable ? A storage class is an attribute that changes the behavior of a variable. It controls the lifetime, scope and linkage.There are five types of storage classes 1)auto 2)static 3)extern 4)register 5)typedef
19 Which __expression always return true? Which always return false? __expression if (a=0) always return false __expression if (a=1) always return true
20 Write the equivalent __expression for x%8? x&7
Write expressions to swap two integers without using a temporary variable?
21 why n++ executes faster than n+1? The __expression n++ requires a single machine instruction such as INR to carry out the increment operation whereas, n+1 requires more instructions to carry out this operation.
22 What is the difference between a string and an array? An array is an array of anything. A string is a specific kind of an array with a well-known convention to determine its length. There are two kinds of programming languages: those in which a string is just an array of characters, and those in which it's a special type. In C, a string is just an array of characters (type char), with one wrinkle: a C string always ends with a NUL character. The "value" of an array is the same as the address of (or a pointer to) the first element; so, frequently, a C string and a pointer to char are used to mean the same thing. An array can be any length. If it's passed to a function, there's no way the function can tell how long the array is supposed to be, unless some convention is used. The convention for strings is NUL termination; the last character is an ASCII NUL (`') character.
23 Is it better to use a pointer to navigate an array of values,or is it better to use a subscripted array name? It's easier for a C compiler to generate good code for pointers than for subscripts.
24 Can the sizeof operator be used to tell the size of an array passed to a function? No. There's no way to tell, at runtime, how many elements are in an array parameter just by looking at the array parameter itself. Remember, passing an array to a function is exactly the same as passing a pointer to the first element.
25 Is using exit() the same as using return? No. The exit() function is used to exit your program and return control to the operating system. The return statement is used to return from a function and return control to the calling function. If you issue a return from the main() function, you are essentially returning control to the calling function, which is the operating system. In this case, the return statement and exit() function are similar.
26 Is it possible to execute code even after the program exits the main() function? The standard C library provides a function named atexit() that can be used to perform "cleanup" operations when your program terminates. You can set up a set of functions you want to perform automatically when your program exits by passing function pointers to the atexit() function.
27 What is a static function? A static function is a function whose scope is limited to the current source file. Scope refers to the visibility of a function or variable. If the function or variable is visible outside of the current source file, it is said to have global, or external, scope. If the function or variable is not visible outside of the current source file, it is said to have local, or static, scope.
28 Why should I prototype a function? A function prototype tells the compiler what kind of arguments a function is looking to receive and what kind of return value a function is going to give back. This approach helps the compiler ensure that calls to a function are made correctly and that no erroneous type conversions are taking place.
29 How do you print an address? The safest way is to use printf() (or fprintf() or sprintf()) with the %P specification. That prints a void pointer (void*). Different compilers might print a pointer with different formats. Your compiler will pick a format that's right for your environment. If you have some other kind of pointer (not a void*) and you want to be very safe, cast the pointer to a void*: printf( "%Pn", (void*) buffer );
30 Can math operations be performed on a void pointer? No. Pointer addition and subtraction are based on advancing the pointer by a number of elements. By definition, if you have a void pointer, you don't know what it's pointing to, so you don't know the size of what it's pointing to. If you want pointer arithmetic to work on raw addresses, use character pointers.
posted by Arjun | 8:45 AM
0 Comments:
Post a Comment
<< Home